"Happy Birthday to You" copyright: Does the most infamous and resented copyright in musical history hold up to scrutiny?

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Arts, entertainment, and more.By Paul CollinsUpdated Thursday, July 21, 2011, at 10:25 AM ET

Warner Music Group currently owns the copyright to the "Happy Birthday" song Take pity on Florida musician Bobby Kent: He's a man trying to make a buck in the wrong era. In April, Kent filed a lawsuit over sports teams using that immortal fanfare: "Da-da-da-DA-da-DAA ... Charge!" As old as it sounds, Kent claimed he wrote it in 1978 while serving as the musical director for the San Diego Chargers?and he had a 1980 copyright filing to back it up.

Kent's ploy almost worked: But after his claim got picked up by the media, it suffered a withering assault from every corner of the Internet. NPR listeners recalled hearing the fanfare in 1960s episodes of The Flintstones?a memory quickly confirmed through YouTube clips. Wikipedia entries since 2007 attributed the song to 1940s University of Southern California composer Tommy Walker?a contention bolstered by a link to Sports Illustrated's online archive, which featured Walker's own story of the tune's composition with co-writer Dick Winslow. Rooting through the Los Angeles Times on Google News Archive also reveals account after account from the 1950s of the song, not to mention a 1960 complaint by Walker that people were ripping him off. Finally, from USC itself, and posted on Scribd for all to see, came the final crushing blow: copyrighted 1955 sheet music for "Trojan Warriors, Charge!"

The only cavalry fanfare Bobby Kent should play, it seems, is "Retreat."

The "Charge!" fiasco points to a more subtle development: Just as Google Books can reveal long-hidden plagiarisms, online databases are making it easier to knock shaky copyrights off their pedestals. And no copyright is shakier, or more widely resented, than that for one of the world's most popular songs: "Happy Birthday to You."

Its copyright retains an eternal power to provoke incredulity: Really? I have to pay for that? But Warner Music Group, who acquired it in 1988, collects upward of $2 million a year from film and TV fees off the song. They nearly collected fees from Girl Scouts for campfire performances before a public outcry scotched the idea. To Warner, the matter is a simple one: "Happy Birthday to You" is a later-copyrighted variation of the melody to the 1893 song "Good Morning to All":

Good morning to you,
Good morning to you,
Good morning dear children
Good morning to all.

Written by Louisville kindergarten teachers Patty and Mildred Hill, "Good Morning to All" has long been in the public domain. But its "Happy Birthday" overlay was copyrighted by their publisher with its festive lyrics in 1935. The sole melodic alteration was splitting the first note to cover the two syllables of "Happy." Thus magically transformed, it's now set to remain under copyright until 2030. Even without any further growth, that's about $40 million in remaining earning power for what began as a classroom singalong.

The only close scholarly attention this remarkable claim has received remains a 2008 study by George Washington University law professor Robert Brauneis. Buttressed by his growing archive of primary documentation, it reveals unexpected twists in the "Happy Birthday" story?including just how well-deserved the original 1893 "Good Morning to All" copyright was.

"They managed to put together a melody that is significantly different from all known previous melodies," Brauneis explains, noting the "Good Morning" song carefully keeps within a child's abilities: half and quarter notes on a major scale within a single octave. "That, I think, is an achievement worthy of copyright protection."

Their achievement was no accident. The Hill sisters were not a couple of schoolmarms noodling at a piano: They were a disciplined songwriting team, with Mildred composing at the piano, and lyricist Patty testing new songs in her classrooms. Mildred was a pioneering ethnomusicologist, while Patty rose over time to become a highly esteemed professor of education at Columbia University. And it was this elderly professor Hill who unexpectedly resurfaced during a 1934 Broadway production of As Thousands Cheer with a startling lawsuit. The play's use of "Happy Birthday to You" in one scene, she claimed, was worth over $100,000 in unpaid royalties to "Good Morning to All"?a melody which play composer Irving Berlin probably had no idea was under copyright.

Professor Hill's complaint and testimony are a wonder of evasion. "Happy Birthday to You" is left entirely unmentioned in the complaint (pdf); when mentioned in depositions (pdf), it is phrased in this peculiar way:

Q. Did you also use the words "Happy Birthday to You"[?]

A. We certainly did with every birthday celebration in the school.

She never says they wrote them. And with damages hinging on the "Good Morning to All" melody, the plaintiff might not have wanted to drag authorship of "Happy Birthday to You" into the case. As long as she kept the focus on her own copyrighted song, there was the prospect of a tidy windfall for her. But even more money could lay in then claiming "Happy Birthday to You" itself?which may explain why, as one Times reporter noted offhandedly, "Professor [Hill] said last night that the real interested party in the suit was the Clayton Summy Company, publishers of Chicago, not herself and her sister."

Clayton Summy Co. was interested indeed: It soon filed six copyrighted variants on "Happy Birthday to You." All, weirdly, were ascribed to a pair of otherwise obscure Summy employees.

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Review: `Friends with Benefits' mocks rom-coms (AP)

Though self-consciously set in the bicoastal Hollywood axis of New York-Los Angeles, "Friends with Benefits" more properly takes place amid the movie world of romantic comedies.

It aims to ditch schmaltz and replace it with snap, the kind found in the classic rom-coms of Spencer Tracy and Katherine Hepburn or Frank Capra's "It Happened One Night," a poster of which hangs above a busy bed in "Friends with Benefits."

The more modern, saccharine conventions are mocked. Justin Timberlake, playing a magazine art director, parodies the manipulative music of tidy romances. Mila Kunis, as a New York corporate headhunter, goes so far as to, when passing a street poster of "The Ugly Truth," curse Katherine Heigl.

(Kate Hudson, Drew Barrymore and Matthew McConaughey can breathe sighs of relief; they are spared specific denunciation. But they know what they've done.)

"Friends with Benefits" follows "No Strings Attached" (with Natalie Portman and Ashton Kutcher) as this year's second comedy about friends who confidently decide to weed out emotion from sex, only to find that such calculation is impossible even for today's tech-savvy multitaskers.

This film, directed and co-written by Will Gluck ("Easy A"), is easily superior to its forerunner, but nevertheless disappoints by eventually falling prey to the very clich?s it strives to upend.

"Friends with Benefits" opens in fine style, with dueling breakups (Emma Stone and Andy Samberg guest as the exes). Dylan (Timberlake) and Jamie (Kunis) then meet when Dylan travels from Los Angeles to New York for a job interview at GQ, arranged by Jamie. The magazine gets heavy promotion in the film, even co-opting the old Rockefeller Center address of The Associated Press, leaving at least one critic to gasp in mock insult. (It's not like Conde Nast's actual digs are shabby, I snorted.)

Jamie sells Dylan on transplanting to New York, and the two quickly work up a friendship and great, rapid-fire banter. Each having soured on relationships, they opt for a purely sexual affair. As every audience member knows, their journey from cynicism to genuine romance follows.

It's, of course, an old plot and one tried out in movies and sitcoms (including one referenced here, "Seinfeld"), but Gluck expends a great deal of energy in imbuing the comedy with smarts and emotional realism. Much of the film unfolds more organically than the wide majority of romantic comedies.

This is the third film for Gluck, a TV veteran. With "Friends with Benefits" and "Easy A," his style has come into clear relief. His hyper, R-rated dialogue runs at nearly a "His Girl Friday" pace and is stuffed with postmodern pop culture references. Here, a mother-daughter trip is compared to "a Nora Ephron movie," and "Harry Potter" fandom is equated with homosexuality. Snowboarder Shaun White, in a misstep, makes a cameo (playing angry, against type), and John Mayer is jokingly referred to as "the Sheryl Crow of our generation."

Gluck (who shares screenplay credit with Keith Merryman and David Newman) is clearly whip smart and he likes his films that way. This all to the good, but much of "Friends with Benefits" comes off as too showy in its cleverness. Punch lines (some of which land very well) are too happy with themselves.

"Easy A" was framed as a live webcast with flashbacks and "Friends with Benefits," too, exudes an ease with technology. Jamie and Dylan's pact is made not on a Bible, but on a Bible app. Flash mobs make numerous appearances. In a crafty twist, the closing credits run like iPad text, with hands sliding and flicking names.

This is not screwball confusion amid modern technology, but smooth, effortless mastery of it. Dylan purchases Jamie a plane ticket on his phone in a moment. Winking jokes are made about cell phone coverage.

The problem of being too smart and too suave is there in the cast, too. In Emma Stone, whose star was made in "Easy A," Gluck had a perfect, Hepburn-like lead for his dialogue, delivered with droll deadpan. Timberlake and Kunis are terrific comic actors, but neither, certainly, is droll.

Each is exceptionally handsome and lively. They look great in bed together and have comic timing to spare. But their dynamic comes off less as chemistry (which suggests some dramatic friction) than as mirror reflections of each other.

Woody Harrelson (as a gay guy's guy), Patricia Clarkson (as Jamie's flighty mother) and Richard Jenkins (lending a dose of seriousness as Dylan's aging father) lead a strong supporting cast.

The funniest satire of romantic comedies comes in a movie within the movie: a mock Hollywood, clich?-ridden film called "I Love You, I Love New York," with Jason Segel and Rashida Jones.

With soaring music, Segel delivers a line for which we can only guess at the sappy metaphor: "Looks like New York is all out blueberries."

If only "Friends with Benefits" had given in as completely to mockery as "I Love You, I Love New York."

"Friends with Benefits," a Screen Gems release, is rated R for sexual content and language. Running time: 104 minutes. Two and a half stars out of four.

___

Motion Picture Association of America rating definitions:

G ? General audiences. All ages admitted.

PG ? Parental guidance suggested. Some material may not be suitable for children.

PG-13 ? Special parental guidance strongly suggested for children under 13. Some material may be inappropriate for young children.

R ? Restricted. Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian.

NC-17 ? No one under 17 admitted.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/entertainment/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110721/ap_en_ot/us_film_review_friends_with_benefits

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Discuss Risk Management and Risk Assessment for a company that ...

E. Discuss Risk Management and Risk Assessment for a company that conducts some of its business over the public Internet. describe in full detail at least five measures that the company can take to protect their information.

there are loads, passwords, user names, credit card security, logins, word verifications etc. is that enough.

Discuss Risk Management and Risk Assessment for a company that conducts some of its business over the internet

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Source: http://www.business4noobs.com/discuss-risk-management-and-risk-assessment-for-a-company-that-conducts-some-of-its-business-over-the-internet/

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Children and Food Bacteria | Home-Family-Parenting Blog

How to Reduce Food Bacteria

Although we constantly discipline our children to wash their hands before eating here are some strategies to reduce exposure of certain bacteria to your children and to limit their risk of developing an infection or food poisoning.

Hygiene and Safety

• Wash your hands before manipulating food.
• Clean the work surface with soapy water before starting to cook.
• Clean utensils and use cutting boards to cut and clean. Avoid wooden utensils.
• Use clean dishtowels to wash the working surface, cutting boards and utensils.
• Use a different utensil to take raw or cooked foods and avoid contact.
• Before opening cans and containers clean the surface and wipe dry.

Food Purchase

• Check the ?Best Before? dates of products.
• Avoid purchasing damaged foods or when the package is torn or broken. For instance; cracked eggs.
• Just before heading to the cash purchase perishable products such as meats, eggs and diary products.
• Conserve perishable food in a cooler or in refrigerated bags, if the drive from grocery to home is long and the day is hot.
• Upon returning home, refrigerate or freeze food as quickly as possible.

Preparation and Cooking of Food

• Leave marinated meats, poultry, fish and seafood in the refrigerator. Do not reuse marinades to prepare sauces unless they are boiled for at least 5 to 10 minutes.
• Cook food until the recommended internal temperature.
• Use a thermometer for accuracy.

Food Preservation

• Use airtight containers to store dry goods to protect them from humidity.
• Make sure the temperature of the refrigerator is inferior or equal to 40F (4C) and the freezer is ?0 F (-18C)
• Conserve perishable food in the appropriate compartments/drawers of the refrigerator. Do not use the refrigerator door since the temperature varies constantly.
• Never defrost prepared meals, meats, poultry, fish or seafood at room temperature. Use any of the following 4 methods instead:

1. Place the food in the refrigerator (the most safe option)
2. Under running cold water
3. Conventional oven then cook food
4. Microwave followed immediately by cooking food

• Do not refreeze food that has been already thawed.
• Preserve food in the refrigerator until consumption or cooking.
• Consume prepared foods as soon as they have been cooked.

Prepare meals together as a family creates a bond and is also a great way to spend quality time with your children. Bon appetite!

If you're new here, you may want to subscribe to my RSS feed. Thanks for visiting!

Source: http://home-family-parenting.info/children-and-food-bacteria/

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daniel - The Causes and Symptoms of Hemorrhoids ? Rauls Photos

[unable to retrieve full-text content]July 12, 2011 | Author: st3nm3rsh | Posted in Health & Fitness. To be specific, formation of hemorrhoids are caused by pressure on the rectal area. Usually this is because of the sedentary lifestyle. Constant pressure on this region ...

Source: http://raulsphotos.com/the-causes-and-symptoms-of-hemorrhoids

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HOW TO WATCH TELUGU MOVIES ONLINE - The Missing TV

Watching a movie is the greatest entertainment of all time, but how we are going to watch it this was the question, and the answer is very simple. There are number of sites available on internet and buy having connection you don?t have even to pay for watching movies, just you have to do is to search for it.

Telugu Movies Online?are available on number of sites, the names are as follows? Telugugalatta.com? idlebrain.com? Bharatmovies.com? Telugucinema.com? 70mmonline.com?These are few sites which are available for you to watch Telugu movies and all these sites are free. You don?t have to pay for it and you don?t have to go anywhere to watch them. Just login and start watching the movies.

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The Power of Online E Commerce | Kallblad Articles

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